What is a common complication of untreated chlamydia in women?

The correct answer is pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This condition is a serious complication that can arise from untreated chlamydia infections in women. Chlamydia is a sexually transmitted infection that, if left untreated, can ascend from the cervix to the uterus and fallopian tubes. This leads to inflammation and infection of these reproductive organs, ultimately resulting in PID.

PID can cause various health issues, including chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and an increased risk of ectopic pregnancy. The inflammation caused by the disease may also result in scar tissue, which can further complicate future pregnancies or reproductive health. Recognizing the potential for PID as a complication of untreated chlamydia emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections.

Other options mentioned are not direct complications of untreated chlamydia. Endometriosis, uterine fibroids, and polycystic ovary syndrome have different pathophysiological mechanisms and do not directly stem from untreated chlamydial infections. Understanding these connections highlights the significance of proper sexual health and the need for regular screenings for STIs.